中国的县政改革实践：困境与出路

当前,一些地方结合本地实际进行县政改革的实践探索,其中以行政分权为特征的＂省管县＂改革、人大代表专职化改革和县委权力公开透明运行试点改革最为引人注目。这三种不同类型的县政改革探索在实践过程中遇到了各种形式的困难与阻碍。在此情况下,更需要明确指出,县政改革的根本方向和出路应该是县政自治。为此,需要进行真正意义的政治分权和司法分权,通过确立民众对执政者的制约,建立真正意义的责任政府;通过强化司法制衡来制约地方的政治行为,维护公共利益的制度底线。     

Representation and district magnitude in plurality systems

Despite the widely accepted theoretical prediction that high district magnitudes should yield less proportional results in plurality systems, empirical evidence is surprisingly mixed. We argue that these mixed results are ultimately due to a lack of clarity about the counterfactual being considered. We use a simple model to show that an increase in district magnitude reduces expected proportionality in a plurality system only if it is accompanied by a reduction in the number of districts. This conditional prediction helps to explain the diversity of existing findings and is consistent with our own analysis of both U.S. congressional delegations and local councils in Britain.     

从传统文化探析日本人的和谐观

日本传统文化不仅揭示了日本的历史变迁、社会风貌与生活艺术,更渗透着日本人的思想体系与价值观念。"和"是日本社会价值体系中最重要的价值观。它根植于日本传统文化,是贯穿于日本传统文化的主旋律。纵观日本传统文化,追求和谐的理念与境界不断缔造着"和"之韵与美,更构建着日本人的和谐观。     

Economic sanctions and the rhetorical responses of totalitarian regimes: Examining North Korean rhetorical strategies, 1949–2010

This study investigates the impact of economic statecraft on the North Korean Government. As a totalitarian regime, which is characterized by a controlled mass media, the North Korean Government tries to contain potential problems caused by sanctions by using three types of political rhetoric: appeasement, backlash, and surveillance. Using time-series data from 1949 to 2010 derived from a content analysis of the New Year's Day addresses by Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Jong Un, the empirical results suggests that the North Korean Government does alter its rhetorical strategies in response to external economic sanctions. Negative sanctions cause the regime to use appeasement strategies (or calls for reforms and internal changes). It tends to use backlash rhetoric (or blaming the sanctioning powers) in response to, interestingly, positive sanctions. Surveillance rhetoric, or the call for internal vigilance against enemies, on the other hand, does not have any statistical connection with sanctions, rather driven by other factors, such as the Korean War, external instability, and so on.     

论"思潮"与"学术"

学术无思潮则无根基,思潮无学术则行之不远;思潮是时代精神的号角,学术-哲学则是时代精神的华表和丰碑.康德、黑格尔、胡塞尔、海德格尔将思潮升华为哲学学术的思路历程表明,唯有学术-哲学学术可以将思潮的价值和活的精神储存下来,传诸久远,而研究哲学史则要在学术的交叉点上多多逗留.中国历史上虽有深厚的学术传统,但近代以来,从思潮...     

关于提高女性劳动者退休年龄的探讨

关于提高中国退休年龄问题,近来引发了社会各界的广泛关注。文章深入分析了广泛关注的几个因素:平均余命变化,世界的退休年龄变化趋势以及对于劳动力市场的影响,并进一步分析了当前制度规定下女性退休年龄偏低产生的低收益及退而不休现象及其影响。在此基础上,文章建议:中国应当提高女性退休年龄;结合劳动力人口变化趋势,采用小步渐进的方式进行调整。好处在于:在一定程度上解决女性退休后低收益问题,因而可以缓解退而不休现象;在一定程度上优化劳动力市场供给。     

论破产法上的偏颇性清偿

偏颇性清偿常常与欺诈性转让行为一同在破产撤销权的框架下被讨论,但二者间有本质的不同。偏颇性清偿有其自身的特点,是破产法上独有的概念,并且偏颇性清偿规则有其深刻的理论基础,是破产法的核心内容之一。深入研究偏颇性清偿规则的制度逻辑和设计原理,对完善我国破产法的偏颇性清偿规则具有重要意义。     

关于调整中国刑法结构的思考

There are two problems with regard to the structure of Chinese criminal law. Firstly, the crimes that are defined in the Chinese criminal code are approximately equal to the felonies that are defined in the western criminal codes, while re-education through labor and penalty for administration of public security similar to the misdemeanors and violations in western countries respectively are not included in the Chinese criminal code, and meanwhile the security measures have not been systematized. Secondly, crimes and penalties, except in criminal law, can not be prescribed in administrative laws and economic laws, and such single track system of conviction and sentencing fails to satisfy the current social situation in which the number of mala prohibia has increased so much. The way to reform Chinese criminal law structure: Firstly, it is to establish a double track system, where mala prohibia should be prescribed in the related administrative laws or economic laws; secondly, a comprehensive criminal code should be reformulated in which felonies, misdemeanors, violations and security measures are all included. Liu Renwen, Ph.D, is a senior research fellow at the Law Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. His major works include: A Preliminary Study of Criminal Policy (2004), Economic Analysis in the Integration of Criminal Law (2007), Crimes of Environment and National Resources (2004); and research articles, such as: Reform of the re-education through labor (Criminal Law Review, 2001), Enhance the quality of death penalty cases through the procedure (New Reports in Criminal Law, 2006).     

试析安倍第二次内阁期间日本与中东关系

安倍第二次执政以后,高度重视与中东的关系,经常出访中东地区。频繁地访问中东,说明了日本对中东地区的高度重视、日本与中东关系的密切和深厚。安倍第二次内阁期间,日本与中东关系的主要内容包括:关注中东和平问题解决、政治与安全保障问题、能源合作、地区与全球等领域的协调与合作。日本深化与中东关系的动因有:确保能源安全、规避地缘政治风险、彰显日本大国影响力、展示文化教育等软实力、奉行平衡外交、居间调停等。鉴于日本自身与地区和国际形势等多种复杂因素,今后继续深化与中东的关系,日本还面临着不少困难与挑战。     

工作时间质量对员工的影响 ：理论路径与实证检验

工作时间质量对于个人、企业和社会都具有重要意义。在明确了工作时间质量的3个评价维度(工作时长、工作时点和工作时间自主性)的基础上,本研究提出了"工作时间质量对员工影响的基础路径模型",揭示了工作时长、工作时点和工作时间自主性对员工产生影响时,三者的基础路径关系。该模型指出,工作时长、工作时点和工作时间自主性均能对员工个体层面的结果变量产生直接影响,同时,工作时间自主性能够显著调节工作时长、工作时点的影响程度。研究还利用"2018年中国工作环境研究"的数据,以"工作时间满意度"作为结果变量对理论模型进行实证检验,检验结果支持了理论模型的假设:(1)员工超时工作程度和工作时点非标准化程度越高,对工作时间感到满意的可能性越低;(2)工作时间自主性和工作时间满意度具有显著的正相关关系;(3)工作时间自主性负向调节超时工作和非标准化工作时点对员工工作时间满意度的影响。